Neurodivergence and gambling: a little-known risk
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26 Mar 2025 •
Reading time: 4 minutes Recent research shows that neurodivergent individuals, such as those with ADHD or autism, are at increased risk of suffering gambling-related damage. Although they do not gamble more often than others, they are more vulnerable to negative effects because of escape mechanisms or stimulation-seeking behaviour. Tailored interventions, such as personalised support and accessible treatment environments, are essential to prevent these problem behaviours and provide effective help.
The link between neurodivergence and problem gambling behaviour is a topic that is receiving increasing attention. Recent research has shown that neurodivergent individuals, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD), are more likely to experience negative consequences related to gambling. This phenomenon merits in-depth analysis, not only to understand the risks, but also to better adapt support and prevention measures.
Neurodivergence and vulnerability to gambling: why an increased risk?
Data collected by the University of Bristol and IFF Research, in collaboration with GambleAware, highlights that neurodivergent people, although they do not gamble more often than neurotypical people, are at increased risk of suffering gambling-related psychological damage. Individuals diagnosed with disorders such as autism or ADHD are twice as likely to suffer deleterious effects from gambling than those without these conditions.
The underlying motivations for gambling in neurodivergent individuals
But why do these people appear to be more vulnerable? The reasons are many and varied. For many, gambling serves as an escape mechanism from social loneliness, a search for excitement or an attempt to establish a routine. Online gambling, in particular, appears to be a more comfortable environment for these individuals, where they can feel less judged and more at ease, away from direct social interaction.
In the study, several participants explained that playing enabled them to deal with social isolation, fill an emotional void or meet a need for sensory stimulation. For people with ASD, for example, gaming may be seen as a way of escaping harassment or distracting themselves from everyday social difficulties. These reasons, while understandable, highlight the importance of targeted support to prevent excessive gambling behaviour.
Gambling characteristics that increase risk
Online games, particularly slot machines, are particularly risky for neurodivergent individuals. Their characteristics, such as repetition and intense sensory stimulation, can become aggravating factors for people with ADHD or autism. These individuals are more likely to be attracted to fast-paced, stimulating games that meet their sensory needs or their tendency to repeat themselves. This creates an environment conducive to prolonged immersion in the game, which increases the risk of developing problematic behaviour.
Difficulties in accessing appropriate support
Although some neurodivergent people manage to deal with their gambling problems independently, many face major obstacles when it comes to seeking professional help. The often complex and demanding treatment process can be daunting for those with cognitive impairments or heightened sensory sensitivity. Face-to-face consultations can seem overwhelming, and multiple pieces of information can generate cognitive overload. These barriers partly explain why many neurodivergent individuals do not access the resources they need.
The GambleAware report recommends a more personalised approach to the treatment of problem gambling in neurodivergent individuals. This includes putting in place tailored support systems, such as more sensory accessible treatment environments, simplifying communication, and providing access to online treatment options. The researchers also stressed the importance of early intervention, particularly through targeted prevention programmes.
Solutions for better support
The final phase of this research involves co-designing support tools with neurodivergence experts and gambling treatment professionals. These solutions, aimed at making support services more accessible and effective, could mark a turning point in the way we tackle problem gambling in this population.Haroon
Chowdry, Research Director at GambleAware: ‘Gambling harms can affect anyone. However, this research shows that people who are neurodivergent are particularly at risk of experiencing gambling harm, and may have specific needs in terms of treatment and support. It is vital that people know the risks associated with gambling, which is why we are urging the introduction of better signposting and mandatory health warnings on gambling advertising, so people know where to go for help and support. We hope the important findings from this research will also be used to inform the future gambling harms prevention and treatment systems, to ensure that they are effective for everyone.’